THE DATA CENTER DILEMMA

My thoughts on data centers coming to the region are complicated.  If I am wearing my stock market hat, where I am invested in corporations on the cutting edge of artificial intelligence, my thoughts are positive. On the other hand, if I consider the possibility of a large data center operating a short distance from home, my thoughts are “build them in Texas.”

This creates the contradictory opinion of “create as many data centers as you need, but not in my backyard.”

The Investor’s (Macro) Case.  Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now a major factor in the resurgence of the United States economy. AI cannot realize its full potential without massive data centers. Yahoo Finance estimates that in 2026, AI-related investments, supported by data centers, account for roughly 30%-40% of US GDP growth. These entities comprise about one-third of total stock market value.  

 

While there are different types of data centers, they are basically facilities built to house and distribute huge amounts of data collected from numerous sources. The centers contain networking infrastructure, cooling systems, and server racks.

 

To illustrate the relationship between AI and data centers, consider a pizza shop. AI chips, manufactured by companies like Nvidia, are the raw pizza dough. The chips are specialized circuits designed to speed up machine learning. Data centers are the pizza ovens. Without them, the newest chips cannot be processed into immense datasets – used to create the next generation of AI.

In recent years, the race to build data centers has accelerated. According to ABI Research, there will be 8,821 in operation worldwide in 2026. This number is expected to reach 12,048 by 2035.

Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Meta, and Google are the largest owners of U.S. data centers. These companies often build massive, hyperscale facilities for their own AI projects. Meta’s Hyperion center in Louisiana has a larger footprint than Manhattan.

AWS has the most data center sites worldwide among all cloud hyper-scalers, with 105 in the United States. This translates into 2.3 gigawatts of energy usage (enough to power 2 million homes simultaneously). By 2035, Deloitte Research estimates that the power demand from AI data centers in the United States could grow more than thirtyfold, reaching 123 gigawatts. 

 

As an investor, I want to financially benefit from the transformative economic benefits of AI technology made possible through data centers. Sustained gains in labor productivity and capital efficiency could add trillions to the world economy.

 

The Local (Micro) Case. The paradox is that no investor in AI technology would be pleased to wake up in the morning to see a data center being constructed across the street. While AI technology may add value to a portfolio, homeowners are very concerned about quality of life and property values. Many have decided that the negative factors that a data center brings to their community far outweigh the benefits.

At least 50 new data centers are being considered for Pennsylvania. Southwestern Pennsylvania is the focus of many would-be developers. Our region has numerous industrial sites with access to natural gas for power and rivers to supply water. Many of the brightest AI scientists work at local universities.

These proposed projects are facing strong opposition from a connected network of community groups. It appears that public outcry will outpace objections to past extractive industries like coal and natural gas.

The grievances are backed by solid science and include negative reports from established data centers. Massive energy consumption leads to higher energy costs, high water usage causes damage to water tables, and noise/light pollution degrades quality of life. Moreover, like many new technologies, the long -term environmental effects of data centers are unknown.

In my own neighborhood of South Strabane, the potential for building a data center on 1,400 acres of land owned by CNX Resources has created a firestorm. There is no formal agreement, and the only activity is the drafting of a local ordinance to address data centers. Nevertheless, concerned residents attend every township meeting in droves.

I have been monitoring these meetings on Zoom. The residents who speak are well-informed and persuasive. They propose revisions and restrictions to the ordinance that would make it difficult for the developer to proceed.

South Strabane’s public negativity is not encouraging for a data center. A traditional warehouse or other less intrusive development for the 1,400-acre property makes more sense.

New data centers are going to get built. However, the desirability of new centers will continue to be debated in communities across the region.

 

THE STATUS OF MIDTERM ELECTION CONTESTS

The November midterm elections will see voters coming out to decide hundreds of federal, state, and county level positions. Across the nation, Democrat officials are predicting a “Blue Wave” of heavy turnout supporting their candidates.

This election is historically a referendum on the president. There is a strong relationship between presidential approval nationwide and midterm outcomes. According to a recent Reuters poll, 38 percent of voters approve of Trump’s performance while 60 percent disapprove. 

This year, there is only a narrow path for Democrats to retake control of the Senate. But recent polling shows a strong chance to capture the House of Representatives.

This commentary will focus on the political landscape in Pennsylvania and in Washington County. According to POLITICO, “Few places epitomize Democrats’ recent challenges — and hopes for 2026 — as well as Pennsylvania. Trump flipped the state back in 2024. Democrats lost a Senate seat and every statewide row office — and failed to make inroads in the state legislature.”

However, Commonwealth Democrats were encouraged by the results of the 2025 election. SPOTLIGHT PA reported, “In November, the party retained three state Supreme Court justices by more than 20 points. Down ballot, gains were made in Republican Bucks County, where the first district attorney running as a Democrat was elected since the 19^th century. In Erie County, a Democratic unseated the Republican incumbent county executive by a margin of 25 points.”

SPOTLIGHT interviewed an encouraged Democratic State Party Chair Eugene DePasquale. “We are focused on bread-and-butter economic issues. People are struggling in their daily lives. The Trump administration is just throwing more gas on the fire.”

Pennsylvania Republican leaders argue that the real affordability crisis in America takes place in Democratic strongholds like New York, Illinois, and California. These states have higher taxes and housing costs. Republican officials claim that only by electing their candidates can Pennsylvania avoid higher expenses.

Statewide, the real issue for Republicans in these mid-term elections is getting their supporters to the polls. When Trump is not on the ballot, participation by casual voters who support him often disappears. For the upcoming election, the momentum lies with Democrats.

In Pennsylvania, Democratic Governor Josh Shapiro, with presidential aspirations, is running against Republican State Treasurer, Stacy Garrity, a strong ally of president Trump. While Garrity, a combat veteran and business leader, has won state elections, she is not expected to unseat Shapiro. In early polling, Shapiro is running 15-17 percentage points ahead of his rival.

For years, in Washington County and across the country, there has been an alarming lack of knowledge regarding local politics compared to national campaigns. Much of the voting public does not get energized by local news. Typically, unless there is a catalyst (like attempts to bring a data center to South Strabane Twp.), social media is not engaged with local politics.   

Local Democratic leaders hope that this year will be different, even though no county offices are on the ballot. They believe that the widespread dissatisfaction with the president and his anti-democratic policies will produce an increased interest in Democrat candidates who represent Washington County.

Our Republican Congressman, Guy Reschenthaler, is running for a fifth term. He is a strong supporter of President Trump and has worked his way up the national party leadership to chief deputy whip in the House.

Reschenthaler has come under repeated criticism for spending most of his time in Washington DC and being a “no-show” in the district. He does not hold in-person townhall meetings for his constituents.

The Democratic candidate to oppose Reschenthaler in the 14^th District is a new face, Alan Bradstock. A native of Donora and a graduate of Ringgold High School, Bradstock went on to graduate from Washington & Jefferson College with high honors.  He served in the U.S. Army as a helicopter pilot, and following his military career worked for the FBI. More recently, Bradstock worked as an auditor for the large financial advisor, KPMG.

Bradstock has proven to be the ideal hardworking, well-qualified, moderate candidate needed to unseat Reschenthaler. However, political observers point out his uphill battle in our heavily Republican 14th District. Reschenthaler defeated Chris Dziados by more than 30 points in 2024.

There is no announced Democrat to oppose State Senator Camera Bartolotta in the 46^th Senate District. To date, the only political kerfuffle has been between the local and state Republican parties.

In January, the Washington County Republican Party executive committee issued a 21-3 vote of no confidence for Bartolotta. The local party was upset with her marriage to the former Democratic Speaker of the House, Bill DeWeese. They also disagreed with her support for Haitian immigrants in Charleroi.

The State Republican Party supports Bartolotta and declared the local vote null and void. Local Republicans rejected the state decision. Bartolotta will face a primary challenge from Al Buchta, who lives in Canonsburg. Neutral observers of this Republican dog fight believe Bartolotta’s position in the primary is secure.

This race will not affect party control of the Pennsylvania Senate. However, it highlights the fractured Republican party on issues like aggressive immigration crackdowns, economic policy, and support for all things Trump.

While Democrats are hopeful for large gains in the midterms, they must keep a close eye on Trump’s plan to nationalize elections. On February 3, nine months from the midterms, the president announced, “We should take over the voting in at least 15 places.”

 

 

   

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REQUIRES OUR FULL ATTENTION

 

For my fellow traditionalists who love print newspapers, writing notes in cursive, and reading books made of paper, I have a warning and some thoughts. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is taking over the world. Now is not the time to complain about its disruptions or to ignore its presence. That reaction is exactly what the AI developers, venture capitalists, and certain government officials with an authoritarian bent hope you will do.

Each of us should study AI’s potential and its dangers. We should be knowledgeable enough to take a firm position on its further development and deployment.

For those who think AI is an unnecessary intrusion into our sedate, predictable lives, consider the 1811 Luddite movement of British textile workers. As part of this protest against industrialization, machinery was destroyed and riots ensued. Within five years, the Luddites were a distant memory and the industrial revolution took over the western world.  The United States was transformed from an agrarian society into an urban, industrialized one.

Skipping forward to the development of the internet, in 1992 a unique means of communication utilized by a few researchers was transformed into the “Information Superhighway.” Under a program championed by then Senator, Al Gore, seed money was provided to link computer networks in universities, governments, and industries around the world.

At first, the messy joint effort to develop the internet was encouraging. It was spearheaded by an early idealism that the new technology would empower individuals and unleash a wave of creativity for the benefit of mankind. The infant internet was praised for being decentralized and democratic. It was called a television station without producers and a newspaper without editors.

However, the internet took a dark turn that few saw coming. The erosion of privacy and the inability to protect personal data is now pervasive. The emergence of giant corporations (Google, Meta, Amazon), larger than nation states, has created a new class of oligarchs in America. The collapse of “old media” (newspapers, magazines, non-partisan news shows) has produced a society based on fake news and conspiracy theories rather than hard facts. The growth of tribal politics and the loss of a consensus reality is encouraged by social media.

The book to read on the downward spiral of the internet is Enshittification: Why Everything Suddenly Got Worse and What to Do About It by journalist Corey Doctorow. Doctorow believes that “The once-glorious internet has degenerated into “platforms” that rose to dominance because they delivered convenient and delightful services efficiently and reliably. But once we were locked in to those services, the tech bosses turned on us, relying on our dependency to keep us using the services.”

In spite of this sad state of affairs, Doctorow believes that there is a way to take the internet back from the tech giants. Each of us must learn about the algorithms that lock us into platforms and how to avoid their “siren call.” Governments must have the fortitude to use antitrust laws and regulations to break the monopolies, prevent fraud, and protect privacy.

While we deal with the internet’s failures, now is not the time to ignore AI or hand the keys over to the developers and financers without controls. AI poses more serious consequences to society and deserves our full attention.

The lightning speed with which AI has developed was not predicted by those who study its transformation. Early neural networks (the kind that underpin ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini) for decades did not work as well as more mainstream machine-learning techniques. It turned out to be a question of scale.

Building bigger neural networks was not easy, and no one knew whether it would work. Once these networks were fed an abundance of computer capacity to perform large numbers of computations, everything changed.

In 2012 a program running on only two Nvidia graphics chips in a developer’s bedroom left all of the conventional models in the dust. Fourfold annual growth led to sixteen-fold over two years, 64-fold over three years. This is how we progressed from a promising bedroom experiment to data centers the size of Manhattan. The models’ predictions continued to get better as their scale increased.

Bigger is expensive. Citigroup estimates that total AI investment globally will be at least $7.8 trillion between 2025 and 2030. No one knows when the rate of improvement will diminish or disappear. The ultimate result could be to reach “superintelligence,” a hypothetical form of AI that surpasses human intelligence across all fields, including scientific creativity, general wisdom, and social skills.

The dangers of superintelligence have been the subject of many science fiction novels. The developers lose control over the technology leading AI to pursue goals harmful to humanity. To prevent such an outcome international regulation must be developed to ensure that AI improvements are gradual and safe.

AI is not the internet. The internet shares information. The little understood AI technology independently interprets and acts on the information. We cannot afford to let AI develop without oversight.

The best solution may be the one advanced by the Economist in a recent Special Report, “Stop Panicking and Start Preparing.” Use AI to improve all aspects of your life. Stay on top of the latest developments and support controls and regulations. The Economist concludes that each of us needs to be “a cynical optimist,” as the world changes before our eyes.

 

 

 

MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL STAYS STRONG UNDER SIEGE

 

Some emotional national stories are captured by news cycles/social media, and keep growing. I am referring to scenarios that pull at the heart strings. These stories are more likely to bring Americans closer together as we share our common humanity rather than to increase our political and social divide.

Examples include Lindsay Vonn attempting to compete in the Olympics with a torn ACL. This story touched us all as an act of personal courage. Another is the kidnapping of Nancy Guthrie, the mother of Savannah Guthrie. These unthinkable circumstances lead us to consider such a horrible event in our own lives.

Also in focus, is the crisis in the twin cities, Minneapolis/St. Paul (MSP). The unprecedented “Operation Metro Surge.” conducted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) brought normal activity to a halt. This situation compels us to contemplate such an overwhelming disruption in our lives.

This largest operation in ICE history began in January. At its peak, roughly 2,400 federal agents from ICE and other agencies were deployed. (For comparison, 300 agents were activated in much larger Chicago.) The terrifying effect on MSP has included the killing of two American citizens, the use of military tactics against protesters by untrained officers, and the violation of the basic civil rights of immigrants.

This commentary will focus on what the ICE operation looks like where citizens live and work. The impressions I am relating come from the journalists on site (There were probably as many reporters from every major news source as there were ICE agents.) and from a close relative, with Washington connections, who now lives in MSP. My intent is not to present a formal legal analysis. What follows is a description of ordinary people, reacting to a situation that is as close to a modern domestic war zone as our nation has experienced.

We all like to talk about the weather. After the ICE operation began conditions in MSP were extremely cold with temperatures and wind chills well below zero. Hypothermia was a real concern, making it unsafe for prolonged exposure. Nonetheless, as the ICE operation progressed, many thousands of local citizens turned out each day to help those under duress and to demonstrate against the brutal crackdown.

Originally inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe, MSP was settled in the 19th century largely by Scandinavians and Germans. Today, it is a hub for large Somali, Mexican, and Hmong communities. 

According to a reporter from New York Magazine, “It is the misfortune of ICE to have invaded the state with the second-highest level of social trust.” The citizens of MSP know how to organize and take care of each other. Local elected officials, local news agencies, small business and corporations, churches and charities all made drastic changes to their schedules to help those under siege. Average citizens reported that between their regular responsibilities and volunteering they often worked 18-20 hours each day.

Thousands of concerned citizens buy groceries and walk dogs for potential ICE targets. The church, Iglesia Dios Habla Hoy, dropped off more than 12,000 boxes of essentials in six weeks. Volunteer shuttles drive sick immigrants to doctor appointments. Volunteer tow trucks return vehicles to their owners who fled on foot from ICE officers seeking to arrest them.

In every residential community, average citizens use whistles as a nonviolent signaling device to immediately alert their neighbors who might be the subject of a raid. The whistles draw support to the scene for community protests. Ordinary people juggle daily life to look out for each other, however they can.

All over MSP, a common sight was three SUVs moving in tandem with 12 agents, suddenly ducking into a side street and surrounding a house. To counter this activity, a sophisticated tracking system was developed to pinpoint the location of ICE vehicles as they departed the federal building.

N., our relative in MSP, had some interesting facts and observations to share. He carries a whistle on his key chain and a designated phone number in his mobile to warn of ICE activity. His young child asks questions about why the ICE personnel look so threatening compared to the local police she has come to know and respect.

N. believes that ICE is in his community in such large, intimidating numbers to “stoke fear and lower the voting rates in the mid-term elections.” He reports that since the shootings “Trump/MAGA supporters are few.” N. points out that one underreported fact is that “The community has organized a volunteer network to watch over the memorials for the two killed protesters, Renee Good and Alex Pretti. Anyone is able to come mourn, reflect, and embrace their community without judgment.”

A major takeaway for N. is that you do not need to be protesting to make a difference. “There are ways of showing your support like making grocery runs for our neighbors.” He believes the impact of local businesses was under-reported. “Local shops are donating their profits, cooking meals for free, closing for a day of solidarity.”

N.’s final thought is that “This is not about left vs. right or about criminals. It’s about fear. Our devotion and hope are stronger.”

On February 12, the massive ICE surge began winding down. Mayor Jacop Frey proclaimed: “They thought they could break us, but a love for our neighbors and a resolve to endure can outlast an occupation.”

 

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INSANITY IS MAKING THE SAME MISTAKE OVER AGAIN

 

The Republican Commissioners, Sherman and Janis, are about to repeat one of the most embarrassing public relations disasters of their administration. On March 12, they will sponsor their second annual Washington County Real Estate Expo. Instead of burying the memory of the under supported and badly planned, first Expo, our majority commissioners have decided to double down on a bad idea. There is no evidence that the results will be different.

The problems associated with the first Expo were well publicized.

First, the commissioners paid HGTV television actor Hilary Farr more than $30,000 to appear as the keynote speaker for their inaugural Real Estate Expo. According to reporting in the Observer Reporter, “the county also paid for Farr to fly first class on an airline of her choosing and stay at a Pittsburgh hotel of her choice while being transported to and from the event in a chauffeured luxury vehicle.” She was only on site for several hours.

Farr is a British-Canadian designer, businesswoman, television host and former actress. She now spends her time renovating her Toronto home, after leaving the reality television show Love It or Leave It.  

Farr lacked qualifications or knowledge to address the real estate/economic issues facing South Western Pennsylvania. She was hired as celebrity eye candy to shake some hands and amuse the participants.

Second, following the Expo, an initial audit by County Controller, Heather Sheatler, revealed that the Expo did not break even and was supported by unrelated grant funding, The initial Expo cost was $122,877 and only $71,000 was collected from vendors.

The $50,000 deficit was eventually recouped, well after the event. Sherman and Janis, hat in hand, went to Chapman Properties (who has now received $6 million from the county for demolition expenses for the Costco project) and to the county’s Tourism Promotion Agency (with whom the county now has a running battle for control) asking for substantial contributions.

Minority commissioner, Larry Maggi, was critical of these actions. He told this newspaper, “I didn’t think county government should be going out and asking for contributions with vendors we’re doing business with to fund an Expo.”

Third, the audit by Controller Sheatler revealed that the majority commissioners had opened an unauthorized bank account, not subject to Controller review, to fund the first Expo. More troubling, withdrawals were improperly made from the newly formed Blight Mitigation Fund to bankroll the Expo.

The announcement of a second Real Estate Expo on March 12 was met with skepticism. Commissioner Larry Maggi tried to block the no bid hiring of Richardson Communications for consulting services and Drive Marketing Inc. to promote the event. He also complained that county resources and staff were being improperly utilized to organize Expo II. It is unclear how or how much the private companies are being paid.

While the Expo is only a month away, a posted schedule of programing does not exist. There is a general description of presenters to include the two commissioners, local county agencies and an unnamed “array of industry experts.” As of February 8, the identity of the keynote speaker has not been announced. A participant searching for interesting sessions to attend is out of luck.

It is inevitable that Sherman and Janis’s ill-advised Expo II will be compared with the upcoming Washington County Chamber of Commerce Member Forum to be held on February 19, 2026. The county recently terminated the longstanding economic development contract with the Chamber. The majority commissioners now refuse to cooperate with the Chamber. If last year’s event is a guide, they will not attend the Forum and will lose the opportunity to network with its many business leaders.

The Chamber’s Forum is a well-established occurrence that presents a broad range of issues of interest to our diverse business community. This year, Dan Rooney III, Vice President of Business Development, Pittsburgh Steelers, will be the featured speaker. He will bring the regional business community up to date on the opportunities afforded by the April 2026 Pittsburgh NFL Draft.  Other scheduled panels of announced experts include: 1) the region’s economic outlook, 2) infrastructure development, and 3) workforce development.

Washington County only needs one well-organized winter event to discuss economic development. Sherman and Janis’s vanity project should not have been repeated.

 

 

ADJUSTING TO A CHANGE OF SCENERY

 

When my wife and I decided to move, we were told to prepare for a few difficult months. Because we were traveling less than a mile, at our own pace, in excellent fall weather, we laughed off the warnings.

We were wrong. Leaving a three story 1875 home in East Washington for a top floor condominium in South Strabane Township was a challenge. It was physically exhausting and emotionally stressful; beyond anything we imagined.

Our extensive planning was never enough to anticipate all the unforeseen issues. The parting with cherished items was painful and often time- consuming. The tedious packing, loading our car, and unpacking made us cringe at another banker box.  Waking up in the middle of the night with yet another task for our checklist was a common occurrence. Moreover, the mental adjustment to a new, smaller living space, and the inconvenience of owning two homes still has us running in circles.

The move was designed to simplify our lives. We are both in our mid-70s with ailments that make step-climbing a painful adventure and outdoor maintenance an unpleasant chore. Single level condominium living, where the property was professionally maintained, seemed like the answer. However, all the work in getting there was as arduous as running a marathon with little training.

We have now learned that the two abutting Washington County communities of East Washington and South Strabane, are nothing alike. Our community of 22 years, the Borough of East Washington, is only 0.45 square miles. It is surrounded on three​ ​sides​ ​by​ ​the​ ​City​ ​of​ ​Washington​ ​and​ also ​borders​ ​South​ ​​Strabane​ ​Township​ ​to​ ​the​ ​north.​ Because of the many older, ornate homes, the East Washington Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  Only 2000 people live in the borough. The community prides itself in its residential setting. The zoning regulations discourage commercial enterprises.

South Strabane offers a very different living environment. It encompasses 23 square miles with a population of 10,000. Due to its location astride Interstates 70 and 79, it has undergone rapid commercial and residential development. Modern retail centers and the Tanger Outlet Mall are within its borders. A Costco store is planned for the site of the former Washington Mall in South Strabane. A proposal to place an AI data center within the township on 1,500 acres owned by CNX Resources is being considered, despite objections from concerned residents.

South Strabane contains several high-rise buildings (including senior citizen facilities) and extensive commercial structures. It was encouraging when a friend and former South Strabane Supervisor forwarded a video of the new aerial fire truck practicing rescue techniques at the top floor of the unit we were about to purchase. The video helped convince my wife that she could rest easily, many stories above the ground.

After moving in, we were shocked by news reports that the new South Strabane board of supervisors planned to reopen the budget process and terminate the contract for the lifesaving aerial truck. We were prepared to voice our objections when we learned that further discussions apparently convinced the supervisors to retain this valuable piece of equipment.

However, the supervisors now plan to eliminate a public safety specialist from the payroll.  As reported in the Observer-Reporter at a recent budget meeting, “the South Strabane Fire Department Chief sharply criticized the decision.”

Tax rates and budgets are determined by local township supervisors. South Strabane has a larger tax base with many commercial contributors. Consequently, the tax rate (including a “fire tax” add-on to help pay for the new aerial truck and other funding to create and maintain a professional fire department) is much lower than East Washington. The total millage in the township for 2026 is 1.85 mills and, in the borough, 2.43 mills.

East Washington has significantly higher municipal taxes, but must still rely on the City of Washington for fire protection. South Strabane taxpayers pay lower municipal taxes for benefits that now include a full-time professional fire and public safety department to respond quickly to all emergencies.

It makes little sense for the current supervisors, in a thriving and growing community, with an expanding tax base, to reduce public safety funding that protects everyone. Residents of South Strabane should be alarmed by this misguided plan to reduce services.

We were not familiar with how condominiums are administered before moving into our unit. The condo owners elect a board of directors to make day-to-day management decisions, collect homeowners’ association fees and to help new owners like us get adjusted. These board members do an extraordinary job of keeping things running smoothly. Forty-two owners have many questions and issues. Getting information out to the owners on a timely basis is critical and time consuming.

The two indispensable individuals are the building manager and the maintenance man. Both know the inner workings of the structure and are familiar with many of the individual units. Checking with them and following their advice before making important decisions saved us time and money.

As I write this commentary, we are safely tucked away as a major snowstorm swirls around us. Two days before the storm, I looked out my office window to observe a bald eagle gilding by. While we miss our neighbors, we are beginning to become accustomed to the change in scenery. There is no confusing it with our former East Washington back yard.

IN CELEBRATION OF HUMANISM II

 

Several years ago, I penned a commentary designed to escape the troubling news of the day. The article imagined that similar to the numerous awards shows that honor actors, directors and other creative types, there should be a comparable “Hall of Fame” to honor humanists. These individuals typically exemplify the scientific method and human values. Sadly, with the Trump administration, the celebration of humanism becomes a protest, not an escape.

Our divided society pays too little attention to the uplifting contributions of humanists seeking to celebrate human worth. Throughout recorded history, humanists have explored the goodness of humanity and sought rational ways to solve human problems. Without the foundation provided by dedicated humanists, giving us enlightenment and hope, there would be no place for the talented individuals we honor in our yearly awards shows. What follows are the new nominees for my imagined Humanist Hall of Fame. 

All three of my nominees are deceased. They represent three different time periods – the Renaissance, Victorian England, and today.  Each, in their own way, utilized reason and evidence to understand the world and to value human dignity. Each urged us to take responsibility for our own actions.

Cornelius Agrippa

The life of Cornelius Agrippa,1486-1535, took place during the Renaissance, as Europe was experiencing a rebirth following the Middle Ages. He was born in Cologne, Germany but spent time in numerous European countries. He studied both medicine and law with no evidence of him receiving a degree in either.

Agrippa was known for his deep learning and advocacy of classical and ancient wisdom, often clashing with traditional religious leaders. While still living in Cologne, he took on the defense of a women accused of witchcraft and was soon forced by the Inquisition to leave his native city.

During his fifty years, Agrippa’s diverse career included being a secret agent, soldier, physician, orator, and law professor. On one occasion he became the personal physician to the Queen Mother at the court of King Francis I. After the queen dismissed him, he was soon banned for practicing medicine without a license. Later, he became historian to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V.

Agrippa’s opinions were controversial, and he was often criticized by those in power. By seeking truth in classical sources outlawed by the church, he opened the gate for later philosophical thinking and scientific discovery.

Robert Louis Stevenson

The author, Robert Louis Stevenson is given credit for providing humanist influence in Victorian England. In his writing, Stevenson emphasized human experience and often critiqued Victorian hypocrisy. He rebelled against strict religious dogma and valued human ethics.

Stevenson’s work, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, explored human duality. His literary and personal life reflected ideas of openness, tolerance, and profound care for others. One biographer/critic, Jeremy Treglown observed, “He always wanted to escape from the certitudes and complacencies, religious, moral, and social of his Edinburgh upbringing.”

It is not well known that during his life, Stevenson was considered one of the most accomplished essayists of his generation. In one essay that reminded me of the early life of Pittsburgh playwright, August Wilson, Stevenson wrote, “If a lad does not learn in the streets, it is because he has no faculty of learning.”

In another essay, Stevenson explains his progressive views on women, at odds with strict Victorian culture that placed them on a pedestal. “When you marry, you take into your life a creature of equal frailties, whose human heart beats no more tunefully than yours.” In other essays he admired strong women and attacked male superiority.

At the end of his life, Stevenson lived on the Polynesian island of Samoa. This gave him the opportunity to follow his earlier declaration that his mission as a writer was “to protect the oppressed and to defend the truth.” In his non-fiction book, A Footnote to History, Stevenson castigated the colonial powers for exploiting local native people and destroying their way of life.

Robert Dworkin

As an attorney, Robert Dworkin was my favorite philosopher of law. He placed human dignity at the center of his moral system. Dworkin was skilled in breaking down complex issues like race, abortion, euthanasia, and equality.

Dworkin studied law and philosophy at Harvard University and law at Oxford. His distinguished career was unfortunately ended by his death from leukemia in 2013. A dedicated progressive, Dworkin had the experience of teaching a joint course at Yale with conservative legal scholar, Robert Bork.

Dworkin believed that law should be viewed not as a series of isolated statutes and cases, but as a "single coherent scheme of principle." His basic moral principle was that respect for human dignity entails two requirements: 1) “self-respect.” taking the objective importance of your own life seriously, and 2) “authenticity,” accepting a personal responsibility for identifying what counts as success in your own life.

My favorite book by Dworkin is the ambitious Justice for Hedgehogs. It argues for a unified theory of value; connecting truth, morality, and justice.

Unfortunately, in Trump’s world, humanists are held in low regard and worse, often assailed. This has been the plight of humanists throughout history. Authoritarian and religious leaders have repeatedly sought to limit their influence. The humanist goals of reason, civic virtue, and truth seeking are the bane of despots. My Humanist Hall of Fame nominees, and others, give us examples to follow when the world turns dark.

 

THE LOOMING DEBT CRISIS

 

The Trump administration provides new issues daily for elected officials, policy experts, journalists, and economists to argue about. Under this constant barrage, the ever-present elephant in the room is the problem that gets ignored. Such is America’s case regarding the looming worldwide debt crisis.

Most wealthy nations are living beyond their means. Western Europe recognizes it has a problem, but is short on solutions. France is in a perpetual political crisis as it rotates through Prime Ministers unable to agree on increasing the retirement age to stop the bleeding. In Britain, the new Labor government has been forced to abandon promised help for the needy and instead must consider tax increases to plug the growing hole in the budget.

Italy faces a massive public debt (around €3 trillion or 150%+ of GDP) one of the highest debt-to-GDP ratios in the EU, making debt servicing costly, thus hindering productivity. The huge debts owed by the Greek government to the rest of the euro area cast a shadow over its financial future. Painful budget cuts, tax increases, high unemployment, and shrinking living standards/social services have offered little relief.    

In Japan, the debt crisis stems from decades of government borrowing to offset slow growth after its 1990s asset bubble burst. This led to a massive debt-to-GDP ratio (over 250%) and persistent deflation, forcing the Bank of Japan to keep rates low.

For the past several decades, one of the marvels of the world economy has been the ability of the United Staes to consistently borrow its way out of financial trouble. Under both Democrat and Republican administrations, the federal government has employed debt to fight wars, control global recessions (caused by the 2008 sub-prime mortgage crisis and the pandemic), and to increase domestic spending.

Net debt in America is now nearing 100% (on track to exceed 150%) of national income. The president and Congress continue to disregard this troubling development. Even creditors at home and abroad who should be alarmed are strangely quiet.

In the fall issue of Foreign Affairs, Kenneth Rogoff, Professor of Economics at Harvard University makes the case for a looming debt crisis.  His concerns and reasoning are explained in a comprehensive essay, America’s Coming Crash: Will Washington’s Debt Addiction Spark the Next Global Crisis?

Rogoff believes that America’s free lunch of continuous fresh borrowing is coming to an end. The past few years have cast doubt on the assumption that bond market investors will remain happy to digest “another large pile of dollar debt.” Long-term interest rates have risen. This means that the gross debt in our nation is now nearly $37 trillion, almost as large as all the other wealthy economies combined.

Rogoff concludes: “As of May 2025, all the major credit-rating agencies had downgraded U.S. debt, and there is a growing perception among banks and foreign governments that hold trillions of dollars in U.S. debt, that the country’s fiscal policy may be going off the rails. The increasing unlikelihood that the ultralow borrowing rates of the 2010s will come back anytime soon has made the situation all the more dangerous.”

Rogoff points out that despite Trump’s attacks on the Federal Reserve and his efforts to lower interest rates, his plans are constrained by the need to keep inflation in check. Moreover, the ‘Big Beautiful Bill,” by keeping taxes low for the wealthy, has increased the deficit.

No reasonable person can argue that the Trump administration alone is the cause of the looming debt crisis. The problem started decades ago. But Trump’s policies have been an accelerant. In his second term, he has embraced large deficits – an unsustainable six to seven percent of GNP for the rest of the decade.

Rogoff fears that to escape a debt crisis without “crushing austerity measures,” the administration might employ options normally associated with emerging markets. He points out that the so-called Mar-a Lago Accord, a strategy put forward by Stephen Miran, now head of Trump’s Council of Economic Advisors, suggested that the U.S. could “selectively default on its payments to the foreign central banks and treasuries that hold trillions of U.S. dollars.”

An easier third world option would be simply to print more dollars, and let inflation achieve a partial default by making creditor holdings less valuable. In normal times, the independence of the Federal Reserve would prevent this result to avoid inflation. These are not normal times.  If the nation finds itself in a financial crisis precipitated by the budget deficit, who knows what Trump will do?

Rogoff believes that Trump’s policies and those of previous administrations are “a huge wager on long odds.” Dependence on miraculous levels of growth and perpetual low interest rates cannot be guaranteed to support an out-of-control deficit. If the looming debt crisis explodes, forced austerity, high inflation, financial depression, and partial default would all be worse than a government-initiated response.

A Special Report in the October 18^th edition of the Economist, The Coming Debt Emergency offers some thoughts on how to avoid increasing public debt. Sweden adopted fiscal rules designed to ensure a budget surplus. It capped spending and eliminated open-ended appropriations. New Zealand, Switzerland, and even much larger Germany have enacted caps on deficits.

Our domestic solution would be a non-partisan agreement on a progressive plan of belt tightening and higher taxes to return debt to a manageable level. Every year’s delay makes it harder to achieve results.

 

 

 

 

 

BREAKING DOWN THE COSTCO PROJECT

 

When Washington County’s Commissioners announced in June that they were allocating $5.9 million from the county’s blight mitigation fund for the demolition of the Washington Mall, the first reaction of many was disbelief. Why would such a large amount of public funds be used to benefit a private developer, Chapman Properties, and the Costco corporation, one of the most successful retail operations in the country?

For the similar demolition of Century III Mall in Allegheny County no county funds were used. Instead, a more modest million-dollar award for demolition came from the state’s Redevelopment Assistance Capital Program (RACP) fund. One difference was that when work began at the Century III location, no developer or large retailer had expressed an interest in rebuilding at the site.

The more common route for county blight mitigation is the Pennsylvania Act 152 Blight Removal Program. Under this 2021 initiative, the focus is on demolishing hazardous structures, site development for developing projects, and multiphase planning efforts. The Act permits each county to create dedicated demolition funds by adding a small fee onto recorded deeds/mortgages. Typically, a county grant under the program cannot exceed $250,000.  Since its inception, 181 structures have been demolished across Pennsylvania at a cost of $5.2 million.

The road leading to the funding for the Washington Mall demolition is complicated and explains why all three commissioners enthusiastically supported the project. The bottom line is that no county general fund revenue, collected from local taxpayers, was used for the demolition to make way for Costco.  In addition, when the Costco store opens its doors, a proven generator of economic growth and future tax revenue will benefit the community.

The funding stream making the demolition possible begins with the pandemic. The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA) was a $1.9 trillion economic stimulus Bill passed by Congress, and signed by then President Biden, without a single Republican vote. The funding included $7.9 billion for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Of this amount, $4.95 billion was allocated for the largest cities and the 67 counties. The remainder was divided among Pennsylvania’s smaller municipalities.

Washington County was awarded the significant sum of $98.9 million in ARPA funding. The funds were used for a variety of projects. As I have discussed in a previous commentary, many were initiated without the approval of the minority commissioner, Larry Maggi, and with little transparency or community input.

Ironically, despite ongoing opposition to the ARPA for inflating the deficit, Republican elected officials have not returned any of their allotted assets. Instead, like Washington County, Republican efforts have focused on extending deadlines and reallocating funds to ensure that all the ARPA money was spent.

With the deadline for using the funds looming, all three commissioners agreed to launch the Washington County Blight Mitigation and Demolition Fund program utilizing the remaining $12 million of the County’s ARPA allotment. In March of 2025, they approved an agreement between the County, the Redevelopment Authority, and the Washington County Land Bank to create and administer the program.

The first project was a modest effort to demolish and remove the remnants of the collapsed structure on 15 North Main Street in the City of Washington. The County only allocated $85,000.

Within months, Washington County’s blight mitigation program was supersized into a project never contemplated by any local blight removal plan.  Half of the allotted $12 million in funds from the local blight mitigation and demolition fund were earmarked to benefit one developer seeking to bring a Costco store to Washington County.

On its face the use of federal ARPA funds, which morphed into blight mitigation funds, and were then used to snare a Costco for Washington County was an astute move. The economic benefits of supporting a Costco are many and long lasting. It is difficult to image a better use for the funds.

However, there are unresolved issues. Because of the unprecedented amount of public dollars used in a private project, the public deserves transparency and full disclosure of all written agreements and activities related to the project.

First, all correspondence, memorandums of understanding, and contracts between the County, developer, and Costco should be disclosed. Is Costco receiving tax-increment financing or other perks to further lower its project costs? Second, regular updates on the Costco build-out should be publicly posted.

 

THE VALUE OF LAND

 

During weekly chats with a friend, we discuss the usual topics including the Steelers, political developments, and the economy. My friend is sure an economic collapse is around the corner that will be worse than the Great Depression. Now that my wife and I have purchased a new home, he advises us to rent our current abode, get out of the stock market altogether, and to accumulate as much land as possible.

This position is easy for my friend to take. He lives on 130 acres of property with plentiful mineral rights. My wife and I are not going to trade in our retirement portfolios and become landlords to deal with tenants and broken appliances. However, my friend’s point is well taken. The value of land is underestimated and often misunderstood.

According to Zillow, the total value of the U.S. housing market is a record $55.1 trillion as of mid-2025, a nearly $20 trillion jump since early 2020. Nine major metro areas hold one-third of the total market value. While rural farmland is valued at $4,000-$5,500 an acre, with cropland higher than pastureland, prime urban real-estate can exceed $500,000.

Not all land is in private hands. Most people are unaware that the federal government remains a significant landowner, especially in the West. The government owns around 640 to 650 million acres, which is roughly one-quarter to one-third (28-29%) of the total U.S. land base.

The value of land has always been an important issue in the development of the United States. The Native American activist and scholar, Russell Means, once said, “Early American democracy was about land." This widely held view, known as the frontier theory, believes that westward expansion and available land were instrumental in bringing disagreements with the British to a head.

Prior to the Revolution, the British sought to limit colonial development west of the Alleghenies to keep peace with native Americans. This motivated Scots-Irish and German settlers seeking cheap, fertile soil away from the East Coast to become patriots.

Following the Revolution, this push west helped develop America’s brand of democracy by fostering citizenship and self-reliance. Unlike Europe, where the wealthy held most of the land, any settler and, later, poor immigrant could become a landowner.

Two recent books present very different viewpoints in addressing the value of land. The first, Land Power: Who Has It, Who Doesn’t, and How that determines the Fate of Societies, was written by Michael Albertus, political scientist at the University of Chicago. Albertus does not buy into the belief that the financial industry and technology will replace land as the world’s engine of social change. He makes the case that land has always been humanity’s greatest asset and will remain so.

Fundamentally, Albertus tells us, “Land confers identity and a sense of belonging. A connection to land provides people a sense of who they are in the world and the communities they belong to.”

However, Albertus has a more significant point to make on the importance of land. He wants to show how power has always been fused with land. He adopts the concept of “reshuffling” to show how political elites have seized land from some people and then granted it to others. Albertus’s sweeping study of land ownership covers centuries of case studies to illustrate his thesis of reshuffling land to gain power.

A few of his examples will illustrate the point. The French Revolution sanctioned the mass appropriation of land from the nobility to smaller farmers and to the urban middle-class. European colonization seized large swaths of foreign land, dispossessing those that already inhabited them. In the United States, Albertus documents the case of the Cahuilla Indians of California’s Coachella Valley. These native Americans were first confined to reservations and then evicted from those lands in the 1950s.

Albertus provides well-researched examples of collectivization land reforms that failed, causing famine, and less radical programs that increased equality. In the Stalinist Soviet Union and in Maoist China, the state sought to eliminate private landholding and to industrialize agricultural production, leading to economic disasters. In South America (Bolivia, Columbia, Mexico, Peru), more grassroots cooperative land reform brought substantive social change for impoverished rural citizens.

The second book, The Land Trap: A New History of the World’s Oldest Asset, by Mike Bird, Wall Street editor of the Economist, addresses the value of land from the financial angle. Tracing three centuries of history, Bird explores how land became the anchor of the global banking system, driving everything from soaring housing prices to increased international tensions. Bird explains the economics of our most basic asset.

Historically, land ownership created hereditary wealth that benefited the rich while deepening economic divisions in society. However, it is what Bird has to say about the connection between present-day global financial stability and land that is most interesting. Land drives the modern financial system, but also is responsible for its crashes. Mass home ownership made mortgages and home equity loans dominant sources of lending. Economies do well when land values rise and stall when they fall.

Following Japan’s 1980s land bubble burst, the economy tanked for decades. China’s recent real estate boom deflated into thousands of empty residential buildings and millions of unoccupied apartments. The U.S. subprime mortgage bubble caused the economic crash of 2008.

Bird concludes that modern finance remains rooted “in the dirt beneath our feet” – in land.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WASHINGTON COUNTY’S FORGOTTEN BUSINESS PIONEER

 

Late last summer, former commissioner Bracken Burns knocked on our door in East Washington.  Burns was seeking information on the individual who had built the large ornate older homes in our neighborhood. Like most East Washington residents, we knew the age of our home but could not name the builder.

Despite my lack of knowledge on local architecture, Burns settled into a comfortable chair and began to tell us an incredible tale. A gentleman by the name of Major A.G. Happer returned to Washington County after the Civil War and proceeded to transform the area into a modern community. Among his projects, one of Happer’s businesses built many of East Washington’s finest homes.

Apart from a state historical marker in front of the Washington & Jefferson College Admissions building (the beautiful structure Happer built and lived in after the war), he has received little attention. To begin to correct this oversight, what follows is a summary of the local Civil War hero and business leader’s achievements.

Most of the information Burns related to me came from a book by Jim Douglas, a Pennsylvania Civil War historian and author. To research this commentary, I borrowed Burns’ copy of “Born to Serve: The Major A. G. Happer Story” (2015). I am only able to provide a short discussion on Happer’s family history and Civil War exploits. For those seeking more background, this book is an excellent source.

Andrew Gardner Happer was born on August 15, 1839 on the Washington County family farm in Union Township. In 1859, he enrolled in what was then Washington College. After Fort Sumter was attacked, Happer left school and enlisted in the First Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry.

Happer entered military service as a private soldier of low rank and left the Union army as a Major, a stunning accomplishment. He participated in the battles of First Bull Run, Dranesville, Thoroughfare Gap, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain, Antietam (where he was first wounded, but remained in charge as senior officer), Fredericksburg, Burnside’s Advance, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, and the first-and second-day battles of the Wilderness.

During his final encounter, Happer was severely wounded and left for dead on the battlefield. A kindhearted confederate soldier kept him alive and cleaned his wound until he was sent to an enemy field hospital. Soon after, he was transported to the notorious Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia. Six months later, Happer was part of a prisoner exchange and began a slow, painful recuperation. The confederate mini-ball in his pelvis was never removed.

Following Lincoln’s assassination, the Governor of Pennsylvania chose now Major Happer as part of his delegation to accompany the coffin back to Illinois for burial, on the somber train called the “Lincoln Special”. Happer considered this duty the greatest honor of his life.

Happer’s initial employment after returning to Washington County was as Assessor of Internal Revenue. His time as a bureaucrat only lasted from 1866 until 1871. He then turned his attention to the business world for opportunities to modernize Washington and to help others.

Happer’s first venture was to open an insurance office at 55 South Main Street in Washington. The 1871 great Chicago fire convinced many customers that fire insurance was a necessary expense.  Happer’s business did exceptionally well. He soon married one of the most eligible young ladies in town, Matilda Morgan Watson, the daughter of a prominent attorney. Together they built the magnificent structure made of Cleveland stone on East Wheeling Street, now the W&J Admissions House.

Happer was interested in helping orphans and displaced children who were living in the floundering Western Pennsylvania House of Refuge. He convinced the Governor, John Hartranft, to support the building of a new facility, “Morganza,” on 503 acres of land owned by his wife’s family. The facility opened in 1876 with Happer serving as President of the Board of Managers until 1911.

Happer realized that a growing Washington required many modern upgrades to keep pace. Among the first was a stable source of capital to finance the new ventures. In 1885, he assembled some partners to form the Citizens Bank of Washington. The bank was successful, and by 1908, deposits exceeded $3 million. Happer was also a founding member and sat on the Board of the Union Trust Company.

Happer was instrumental in forming the Wheeling Oil Company and the first telephone exchange in 1884, the Citizen’s Water Company in 1885, and in developing the West End of Washington. In 1888, East Washington was subdivided by Happer’s real estate business. He then constructed many of the stately Victorian homes that grace our community.

Following the Civil War, Washington County had no hospital. Happer, along with three local physicians, petitioned the Commonwealth to obtain a charter. Happer joined with several other men and advanced their personal funds to purchase the Acheson homestead on what is now Acheson Avenue. This first hospital opened in May of 1898, and Happer was Board President for many years.

The Washington centennial celebration of 1910 was a grand affair. Happer at age 71 was still involved in many of the entities he had helped to create. Happer died in April, 1915, a modest man with no buildings or streets named in his honor. However, there is no doubt that Major Happer made significant contributions to Washington County, both as war hero and business leader.